World History: Ancient & Classical Civilizations (Non-Indian) (Topic 7) | Complete History Course Online | Learning Spot</p> <meta name="description" content="Master Topic 7 of our History course: World History - Ancient & Classical Civilizations (Non-Indian). Explores major ancient world civilizations including Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and early China."> <meta name="keywords" content="Topic 7 History, Ancient World History, Classical Civilizations, Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Ancient China, World History Course, Learn History Online, Learning Spot"> <link rel="sitemap" type="application/xml" title="Sitemap" href="https://learningspot.co/sitemap.xml" /> <link rel="sitemap" type="application/xml" title="Sitemap" href="https://learningspot.co/sitemap_images.xml" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://learningspot.co/Humanities/b13.%20Topic%207%20History.html" /> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-4061987536360314" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> MathJax = { tex: { inlineMath: [['$', '$']], // For inline math displayMath: [['$$', '$$']] // For block math } }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="MathJax-script" async src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script> </head> <body> <img id="sidebar-toggle" src="../../Maths Clipboard.png" alt="Menu" class="menu-icon"> <img id="scrollToTopBtn" src="../../scroll_up.png" alt="Top" onclick="scrollToTop()"> <div id="overlay" class="overlay"></div> <div id="sidebar-container"></div> <div class="content"> <div id="Topic Table"></div> <br> <div id="Sub-Topic Table"></div> <br> <h3 class="yellowheading"><a href="../../Humanities/b13. Topic 7 History/Sub-Topic 1.html">1. Mesopotamia: Writing and City Life</a></h3> <p style="text-indent: 3%;"><strong>Mesopotamia</strong>, often called the "cradle of civilization," witnessed the development of some of the earliest cities and sophisticated societal structures. Located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, civilizations like the Sumerians developed the first known system of <strong>writing</strong> (cuneiform), advanced mathematics, astronomy, and complex legal codes. The emergence of <strong>city life</strong>, with organized governance, trade, and specialized labor, laid the groundwork for future urban civilizations.</p> <h3 class="yellowheading"><a href="../../Humanities/b13. Topic 7 History/Sub-Topic 2.html">2. The Roman Empire: An Empire Across Three Continents</a></h3> <p style="text-indent: 3%;"><strong>The Roman Empire</strong>, originating from the city of Rome, expanded to encompass vast territories across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, spanning <strong>three continents</strong>. Known for its military prowess, sophisticated engineering (roads, aqueducts), legal system, and political administration, Rome had a profound and lasting impact on Western civilization. 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